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# Copyright (c) 2016 Weitian LI <liweitianux@live.com>
# MIT license
"""
Diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission (unpolarized) simulations.
"""
import os
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timezone
import numpy as np
from astropy.io import fits
import astropy.units as au
import healpy as hp
from ..utils import read_fits_healpix, write_fits_healpix
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class Synchrotron:
"""
Simulate the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission based on an
existing template.
Parameters
----------
configs : ConfigManager object
An `ConfigManager` object contains default and user configurations.
For more details, see the example config specification.
Attributes
----------
???
References
----------
???
"""
# Component name
name = "Galactic free-free"
def __init__(self, configs):
self.configs = configs
self._set_configs()
def _set_configs(self):
"""Load the configs and set the corresponding class attributes."""
comp = "galactic/synchrotron"
self.template_path = self.configs.get_path(comp+"/template")
self.template_freq = self.configs.getn(comp+"/template_freq")
self.template_unit = au.Unit(
self.configs.getn(comp+"/template_unit"))
self.indexmap_path = self.configs.get_path(comp+"/indexmap")
self.smallscales = self.configs.getn(comp+"/add_smallscales")
self.prefix = self.configs.getn(comp+"/prefix")
self.save = self.configs.getn(comp+"/save")
self.output_dir = self.configs.get_path(comp+"/output_dir")
# output
self.filename_pattern = self.configs.getn("output/filename_pattern")
self.use_float = self.configs.getn("output/use_float")
self.checksum = self.configs.getn("output/checksum")
self.clobber = self.configs.getn("output/clobber")
self.nside = self.configs.getn("common/nside")
self.lmin = self.configs.getn("common/lmin")
self.lmax = self.configs.getn("common/lmax")
self.freq_unit = au.Unit(self.configs.getn("frequency/unit"))
#
logger.info("Loaded and setup configurations")
def _load_template(self):
"""Load the template map, and upgrade/downgrade the resolution
to match the output Nside.
"""
self.template, self.template_header = read_fits_healpix(
self.template_path)
template_nside = self.template_header["NSIDE"]
logger.info("Loaded template map from {0} (Nside={1})".format(
self.template_path, template_nside))
# Upgrade/downgrade resolution
if template_nside != self.nside:
self.template = hp.ud_grade(self.template, nside_out=self.nside)
logger.info("Upgrade/downgrade template map from Nside "
"{0} to {1}".format(template_nside, self.nside))
def _load_indexmap(self):
"""Load the spectral index map, and upgrade/downgrade the resolution
to match the output Nside.
"""
self.indexmap, self.indexmap_header = read_fits_healpix(
self.indexmap_path)
indexmap_nside = self.indexmap_header["NSIDE"]
logger.info("Loaded spectral index map from {0} (Nside={1})".format(
self.indexmap_path, indexmap_nside))
# Upgrade/downgrade resolution
if indexmap_nside != self.nside:
self.indexmap = hp.ud_grade(self.indexmap, nside_out=self.nside)
logger.info("Upgrade/downgrade spectral index map from Nside "
"{0} to {1}".format(indexmap_nside, self.nside))
def _add_smallscales(self):
"""Add fluctuations on small scales to the template map.
XXX/TODO:
* Support using different models.
* This should be extensible/plug-able, e.g., a separate module
and allow easily add new models for use.
References
----------
[1] M. Remazeilles et al. 2015, MNRAS, 451, 4311-4327
"An improved source-subtracted and destriped 408-MHz all-sky map"
Sec. 4.2: Small-scale fluctuations
"""
if (not self.smallscales) or (hasattr(self, "hpmap_smallscales")):
return
# To add small scale fluctuations
# model: Remazeilles15
gamma = -2.703 # index of the power spectrum between l [30, 90]
sigma_tp = 56 # original beam resolution of the template [ arcmin ]
alpha = 0.0599
beta = 0.782
# angular power spectrum of the Gaussian random field
ell = np.arange(self.lmax+1).astype(np.int)
cl = np.zeros(ell.shape)
ell_idx = ell >= self.lmin
cl[ell_idx] = (ell[ell_idx] ** gamma *
1.0 - np.exp(-ell[ell_idx]**2 * sigma_tp**2))
cl[ell < self.lmin] = cl[self.lmin]
# generate a realization of the Gaussian random field
gss = hp.synfast(cls=cl, nside=self.nside, new=True)
# whiten the Gaussian random field
gss = (gss - gss.mean()) / gss.std()
self.hpmap_smallscales = alpha * gss * self.template**beta
self.template += self.hpmap_smallscales
logger.info("Added small-scale fluctuations")
def _make_filepath(self, **kwargs):
"""Make the path of output file according to the filename pattern
and output directory loaded from configurations.
"""
data = {
"prefix": self.prefix,
}
data.update(kwargs)
filename = self.filename_pattern.format(**data)
filetype = self.configs.getn("output/filetype")
if filetype == "fits":
filename += ".fits"
else:
raise NotImplementedError("unsupported filetype: %s" % filetype)
filepath = os.path.join(self.output_dir, filename)
return filepath
def _make_header(self):
"""Make the header with detail information (e.g., parameters and
history) for the simulated products.
"""
header = fits.Header()
header["COMP"] = ("Galactic synchrotron (unpolarized)",
"Emission component")
header["UNIT"] = ("Kelvin", "Map unit")
header["CREATOR"] = (__name__, "File creator")
# TODO:
history = []
comments = []
for hist in history:
header.add_history(hist)
for cmt in comments:
header.add_comment(cmt)
self.header = header
logger.info("Created FITS header")
def output(self, hpmap, frequency):
"""Write the simulated synchrotron map to disk with proper
header keywords and history.
"""
if not os.path.exists(self.output_dir):
os.mkdir(self.output_dir)
logger.info("Created output dir: {0}".format(self.output_dir))
#
filepath = self._make_filepath(frequency=frequency)
if not hasattr(self, "header"):
self._make_header()
header = self.header.copy()
header["FREQ"] = (frequency, "Frequency [ MHz ]")
header["DATE"] = (
datetime.now(timezone.utc).astimezone().isoformat(),
"File creation date"
)
if self.use_float:
hpmap = hpmap.astype(np.float32)
write_fits_healpix(filepath, hpmap, header=header,
clobber=self.clobber, checksum=self.checksum)
logger.info("Write simulated map to file: {0}".format(filepath))
def preprocess(self):
"""Perform the preparation procedures for the final simulations.
Attributes
----------
_preprocessed : bool
This attribute presents and is ``True`` after the preparation
procedures are performed, which indicates that it is ready to
do the final simulations.
"""
if hasattr(self, "_preprocessed") and self._preprocessed:
return
#
logger.info("{name}: preprocessing ...".format(name=self.name))
self._load_template()
self._load_indexmap()
self._add_smallscales()
#
self._preprocessed = True
def simulate_frequency(self, frequency):
"""Transform the template map to the requested frequency,
according to the spectral model and using an spectral index map.
"""
self.preprocess()
#
logger.info("Simulating {name} map at {freq} ({unit}) ...".format(
name=self.name, freq=frequency, unit=self.freq_unit))
hpmap_f = (self.template *
(frequency / self.template_freq) ** self.indexmap)
#
if self.save:
self.output(hpmap_f, frequency)
return hpmap_f
def simulate(self, frequencies):
"""Simulate the synchrotron map at the specified frequencies."""
hpmaps = []
for f in np.array(frequencies, ndmin=1):
hpmap_f = self.simulate_frequency(f)
hpmaps.append(hpmap_f)
return hpmaps
def postprocess(self):
"""Perform the post-simulation operations before the end."""
pass
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